Sticky-Pad Piano

no hammers: a tacky pad grabs each steel reed, drags it, and lets it go
MIDI off audio off

Pad and reed, slow motion

The pad's face is bonded to the reed: lifting the key drags the reed up until the bond's edge peels away (the band under the pad shrinks), then the reed rings. Heights exaggerated; traces below: pad force and tip height.

Where the pad lets go

force vs deflection at the pad
The reed's spring line, the static tack F₀, and the release points for key speeds from 3 to 40 cm/s: faster keys peel the bond at a higher force. Ringed: this note.

Spectrum

live output · markers: the reed's modes
The reed's overtones are not harmonic (about 8–12 × f₁ with the solder); the harmonics in between come from the pickup's nonlinearity.

Spectrogram

live output · ticks: the spectrum's markers
The reed's inharmonic overtone fades before its fundamental. The harmonic lines in between are the pickup's, made from the fundamental, so they fade with it.

Reed of C4