Vibraphone

undercut aluminium bars over tuned tubes, with motor-driven discs that open and close the resonators
MIDI off audio off

The bar C4

The struck bar to scale (thickness ×3) and its first three bending modes, moving with their live amplitudes, slowed down. The arch cut underneath is what puts them at 1 : 4 : 10. ○ cords at mode 1’s nodes, ▼ mallet, ▬ damper felt, ⌒ tube mouth.

Modes of C4

Resonator

strike a key
bartubecoupling κtube’s own pitch
Left: the tube under the struck bar, its air pressure in a quarter-wave standing wave (largest at the closed bottom), and the disc in its mouth turning with the shaft. Right: how the disc’s angle sets the coupling and the tube’s pitch over one turn (● now), and the energy in bar and tube over the last 4 s.

Spectrum

live output · markers: bending (gold), torsion (blue), tube (teal)
A tuned bar’s partials land on the harmonic grid at 4 and 10 × f₁ (two octaves, and three octaves and a major third); a plain bar’s at 2.76 and 5.40 do not.

Spectrogram

live output · ticks: the spectrum's markers
The bar's upper partials die quickly and leave the fundamental ringing; with the motor on, the resonators' fans pulse every line.